Mmanthatisi, born Monyalue, was a powerful female leader of the Tlokwa people during the early 19th century. She assumed leadership as a regent for her young son, Sekonyela, after the death of her husband, Kgosi Mokotjo. Despite facing internal and external challenges, she emerged as a formidable force during the tumultuous period of the Mfecane/Difaqane wars.
Early Life and Ascension to Leadership
Born in the region of today's Harrismith in South Africa's Free State province, Mmanthatisi was a Basia by birth, a tribe known for their warrior spirit. She married Mokotjo, the chief of the Batlokwa, in a dynastic alliance. After the birth of her first child, Nthatisi, she adopted the name 'Mmanthatisi'. Following Mokotjo's death in 1813, she became the regent for her son, who was too young to rule.
Challenges and Triumphs
Mmanthatisi's leadership was not without challenges. She faced opposition from Sehalahala, Mokotjo's half-brother, and others who were uncomfortable with a woman leader. However, she remained steadfast, leading her people through a period of mass migration and frequent raids by Nguni groups.
Under her leadership, the Tlokwa people grew in strength and numbers, absorbing smaller tribes and launching successful raids against their enemies. Her military prowess was such that her name became synonymous with power, and she was even mythologized by some as having supernatural abilities.
The Battle of Dithakong
One of the most significant battles under Mmanthatisi's leadership was the Battle of Dithakong in 1823. Despite her previous successes, this battle saw a massive defeat for Mmanthatisi against the combined forces of the BaThlaping and the Griqua. However, she continued to lead her people with determination, even forcing powerful tribes like the Bataung and Bafokeng across the Vaal River.
Legacy and Retirement
Mmanthatisi's leadership was marked by her ability to keep her people united during one of the most challenging periods in their history. In 1824, feeling that her son Sekonyela was ready, she stepped down, allowing him to take over the leadership. She spent her retirement in the mountain strongholds of Marabeng and was laid to rest on Jwala-Boholo in 1836.
Mmanthatisi's legacy is that of a strong, intelligent, and determined leader. She navigated her people through wars, migrations, and internal strife, leaving an indelible mark on the history of the Tlokwa people and the broader region.